From 36e23fff83547e364daea22868d4895b5e0923b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: sbiri <sbiri@noc.ac.uk>
Date: Tue, 21 Jul 2020 12:34:44 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] will be in hum_subs
---
VaporPressure.py | 345 -----------------------------------------------
1 file changed, 345 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 VaporPressure.py
diff --git a/VaporPressure.py b/VaporPressure.py
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-import numpy as np
-import logging
-"""
- Calculate the saturation vapor pressure
-
- Example: Calculate the vapor pressure over liquid water using the WMO
- formula
- temp = FINDGEN(100) - 100.
- P = VaporPressure(temp, 'liquid', 'WMO')
-
- For temperatures above 0 deg C the vapor pressure over liquid water
- is calculated.
-
- The optional parameter 'liquid' changes the calculation to vapor pressure
- over liquid water over the entire temperature range.
- The formula to be used can be selected with the appropriate keyword
-
- The current default fomulas are Hyland and Wexler for liquid and
- Goff Gratch for ice.
-
- Parameters
- ----------
- temp : float
- Temperature in [deg C]
- phase : str
- 'liquid' : Calculate vapor pressure over liqiud water or
- 'ice' : Calculate vapor pressure over ice
- meth : str
- formula to be used
- MartiMauersberger : vaporpressure formula from Marti Mauersberger
- MagnusTetens : vaporpressure formula from Magnus Tetens
- GoffGratch : vaporpressure formula from Goff Gratch
- Buck_original : vaporpressure formula from Buck (original)
- Buck_manual : vaporpressure formula from the Buck manual
- CIMO : vaporpressure formula recommended by CIMO
- Vaisala : vaporpressure formula from Vaisala
- WMO_Goff : vaporpressure formula from WMO, which should have been Goff
- WMO2000 : vaporpressure formula from WMO (2000) containing a typo
- Wexler : vaporpressure formula from Wexler (1976)
- Sonntag : vaporpressure formula from Sonntag (1994)
- Bolton : vaporpressure formula from Bolton (1980)
- HylandWexler : vaporpressure formula from Hyland and Wexler (1983)
- IAPWS : vaporpressure formula from IAPWS (2002)
- Preining : vaporpressure formula from Preining (2002)
- MurphyKoop : vaporpressure formula from Murphy and Koop (2005)
-
- Returns
- -------
- P : float
- Saturation vapor pressure in [hPa]
-
-
- Author
- ------
- Holger Voemel
- NCAR / EOL
- PO BOX 3000
- Boulder, CO 80303
- USA
- Ported to Python and modified by S. Biri
-
- COPYRIGHT
- ---------
- Copyright (c) 2015, Holger Voemel
-"""
-def VaporPressure(temp, P, phase, meth):
- logging.basicConfig(filename='VaporPressure.log',
- format='%(asctime)s %(message)s',level=logging.info)
-
- Psat = np.zeros(temp.size)*np.nan
- if (np.nanmin(temp) > 200): # if Ta in Kelvin convert to Celsius
- temp = temp-273.16
- T = np.copy(temp)+273.16 # Most formulas use T in [K]
- # Formulas using [C] use the variable temp
- # Default uses Hyland and Wexler over liquid. While this may not be
- # the best formula, it is consistent with what Vaisala uses in their
- # system
- # Calculate saturation pressure over liquid water
- if (phase == 'liquid'):
- if (meth == 'HylandWexler' or meth == ''):
- logging.info("Source Hyland, R. W. and A. Wexler, Formulations \
- for the Thermodynamic Properties of the saturated \
- Phases of H2O from 173.15K to 473.15K, \
- ASHRAE Trans, 89(2A), 500-519, 1983.")
- Psat = np.exp(-0.58002206e4/T+0.13914993e1-0.48640239e-1*T +
- 0.41764768e-4*np.power(T, 2) -
- 0.14452093e-7*np.power(T, 3) +
- 0.65459673e1*np.log(T))/100
- if (meth == 'Hardy'):
- logging.info("Source Hardy, B., 1998, ITS-90 Formulations \
- for Vapor Pressure, Frostpoint Temperature, \
- Dewpoint Temperature, and Enhancement Factors \
- in the Range -100 to +100°C, The Proceedings of \
- the Third International Symposium on Humidity & \
- Moisture, London, England")
- Psat = np.exp(-2.8365744e3/np.power(T, 2)-6.028076559e3/T +
- 1.954263612e1-2.737830188e-2*T +
- 1.6261698e-5*np.power(T, 2) +
- 7.0229056e-10*np.power(T, 3) -
- 1.8680009e-13*np.power(T, 4) +
- 2.7150305*np.log(T))/100
- if (meth == 'Preining'):
- logging.info("Source : Vehkamaeki, H., M. Kulmala, I. Napari, \
- K. E. J. Lehtinen, C.Timmreck, M. Noppel, and \
- A. Laaksonen (2002), J. Geophys. Res., 107, \
- doi:10.1029/2002JD002184.")
- Psat = np.exp(-7235.424651/T+77.34491296+5.7113e-3*T -
- 8.2*np.log(T))/100
- if (meth == 'Wexler'):
- logging.info("Wexler, A., Vapor Pressure Formulation for Water \
- in Range 0 to 100 C. A Revision, Journal of Research \
- of the National Bureau of Standards - A. Physics and \
- Chemistry, September - December 1976, Vol. 80A, \
- Nos.5 and 6, 775-785")
- Psat = np.exp(-0.29912729e4*np.power(T, -2) -
- 0.60170128e4*np.power(T, -1) +
- 0.1887643854e2-0.28354721e-1*T +
- 0.17838301e-4*np.power(T, 2) -
- 0.84150417e-9*np.power(T, 3) +
- 0.44412543e-12*np.power(T, 4) + # This line was corrected from '-' to '+' following the original citation. (HV 20140819). The change makes only negligible difference
- 2.858487*np.log(T))/100
- if ((meth == 'GoffGratch') or (meth == 'MartiMauersberger')):
- # logging.info("Marti and Mauersberger don't have a vapor pressure \
- # curve over liquid. Using Goff Gratch instead; \
- # Goff Gratch formulation Source : Smithsonian \
- # Meteorological Tables, 5th edition, p. 350, 1984 \
- # From original source: Goff & Gratch (1946), p. 107) \
- # Goff Gratch formulation; Source : Smithsonian \
- # Meteorological Tables, 5th edition, p. 350, 1984 \
- # From original source: Goff and Gratch (1946), p. 107")
- Ts = 373.16 # steam point temperature in K
- ews = 1013.246 # saturation pressure at steam point temperature
- Psat = np.power(10, -7.90298*(Ts/T-1)+5.02808*np.log10(Ts/T) -
- 1.3816e-7*(np.power(10, 11.344*(1-T/Ts))-1) +
- 8.1328e-3*(np.power(10, -3.49149*(Ts/T-1))-1) +
- np.log10(ews))
- if (meth == 'CIMO'):
- logging.info("Source: Annex 4B, Guide to Meteorological \
- Instruments and Methods of Observation, \
- WMO Publication No 8, 7th edition, Geneva, 2008. \
- (CIMO Guide)")
- Psat = (6.112*np.exp(17.62*temp/(243.12+temp)) *
- (1.0016+3.15e-6*P-0.074/P))
- if (meth == 'MagnusTetens'):
- logging.info("Source: Murray, F. W., On the computation of \
- saturation vapor pressure, J. Appl. Meteorol., \
- 6, 203-204, 1967.")
- Psat = np.power(10, 7.5*(temp)/(temp+237.5)+0.7858)
- # Murray quotes this as the original formula and
- Psat = 6.1078*np.exp(17.269388*temp/(temp+237.3))
- # this as the mathematical aquivalent in the form of base e.
- if (meth == 'Buck'):
- logging.info("Bucks vapor pressure formulation based on \
- Tetens formula. Source: Buck, A. L., \
- New equations for computing vapor pressure and \
- enhancement factor, J. Appl. Meteorol., 20, \
- 1527-1532, 1981.")
- Psat = (6.1121*np.exp(17.502*temp/(240.97+temp)) *
- (1.0007+(3.46e-6*P)))
- if (meth == 'Buck2'):
- logging.info("Bucks vapor pressure formulation based on \
- Tetens formula. Source: Buck Research, \
- Model CR-1A Hygrometer Operating Manual, Sep 2001")
- Psat = (6.1121*np.exp((18.678-(temp)/234.5)*(temp)/(257.14+temp)) *
- (1+1e-4*(7.2+P*(0.0320)+5.9e-6*np.power(T, 2))))
- if (meth == 'WMO'):
- logging.info("Intended WMO formulation, originally published by \
- Goff (1957) incorrectly referenced by WMO technical \
- regulations, WMO-NO 49, Vol I, General \
- Meteorological Standards and Recommended Practices, \
- App. A, Corrigendum Aug 2000. and incorrectly \
- referenced by WMO technical regulations, \
- WMO-NO 49, Vol I, General Meteorological Standards \
- and Recommended Practices, App. A, 1988.")
- Ts = 273.16 # triple point temperature in K
- Psat = np.power(10, 10.79574*(1-Ts/T)-5.028*np.log10(T/Ts) +
- 1.50475e-4*(1-np.power(10, -8.2969*(T/Ts-1))) +
- 0.42873e-3*(np.power(10, -4.76955*(1-Ts/T))-1) +
- 0.78614)
- if (meth == 'WMO2000'):
- logging.info("WMO formulation, which is very similar to Goff \
- Gratch. Source : WMO technical regulations, \
- WMO-NO 49, Vol I, General Meteorological Standards \
- and Recommended Practices, App. A, \
- Corrigendum Aug 2000.")
- Ts = 273.16 # triple point temperature in K
- Psat = np.power(10, 10.79574*(1-Ts/T)-5.028*np.log10(T/Ts) +
- 1.50475e-4*(1-np.power(10, -8.2969*(T/Ts-1))) +
- 0.42873e-3*(np.power(10, -4.76955*(1.-Ts/T))-1) +
- 0.78614)
- if (meth == 'Sonntag'):
- logging.info("Source: Sonntag, D., Advancements in the field of \
- hygrometry, Meteorol. Z., N. F., 3, 51-66, 1994.")
- Psat = np.exp(-6096.9385*np.power(T, -1)+16.635794 -
- 2.711193e-2*T+1.673952e-5*np.power(T, 2) +
- 2.433502*np.log(T))#*(1.0016+P*3.15e-6-0.074/P)
- if (meth == 'Bolton'):
- logging.info("Source: Bolton, D., The computation of equivalent \
- potential temperature, Monthly Weather Report, 108, \
- 1046-1053, 1980. equation (10)")
- Psat = 6.112*np.exp(17.67*temp/(temp+243.5))
- if (meth == 'IAPWS'):
- logging.info("Source: Wagner W. and A. Pruss (2002), The IAPWS \
- formulation 1995 for the thermodynamic properties \
- of ordinary water substance for general and \
- scientific use, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 31(2), \
- 387-535. This is the 'official' formulation from \
- the International Association for the Properties of \
- Water and Steam The valid range of this formulation \
- is 273.16 <= T <= 647.096 K and is based on the \
- ITS90 temperature scale.")
- Tc = 647.096 # K : Temperature at the critical point
- Pc = 22.064e4 # hPa : Vapor pressure at the critical point
- nu = (1-T/Tc)
- a1, a2, a3 = -7.85951783, 1.84408259, -11.7866497
- a4, a5, a6 = 22.6807411, -15.9618719, 1.80122502
- Psat = (Pc*np.exp(Tc/T*(a1*nu+a2*np.power(nu, 1.5) +
- a3*np.power(nu, 3)+a4*np.power(nu, 3.5) +
- a5*np.power(nu, 4)+ a6*np.power(nu, 7.5))))
- if (meth == 'MurphyKoop'):
- logging.info("Source : Murphy and Koop, Review of the vapour \
- pressure of ice and supercooled water for \
- atmospheric applications, Q. J. R. Meteorol. \
- Soc (2005), 131, pp. 1539-1565.")
- Psat = np.exp(54.842763-6763.22/T-4.210*np.log(T)+0.000367*T +
- np.tanh(0.0415*(T-218.8))*(53.878-1331.22/T -
- 9.44523*np.log(T)+0.014025*T))/100
- # Calculate saturation pressure over ice ----------------------------------
- elif (phase == 'ice'):
- logging.info("Default uses Goff Gratch over ice. There is little \
- ambiguity in the ice saturation curve. Goff Gratch \
- is widely used.")
- if (meth == 'MartiMauersberger'):
- logging.info("Source : Marti, J. and K Mauersberger, A survey and \
- new measurements of ice vapor pressure at \
- temperatures between 170 and 250 K, GRL 20, \
- 363-366, 1993.")
- Psat = np.power(10, -2663.5/T+12.537)/100
- if (meth == 'HylandWexler'):
- logging.info("Source Hyland, R. W. and A. Wexler, Formulations \
- for the Thermodynamic Properties of the saturated \
- Phases of H2O from 173.15K to 473.15K, ASHRAE Trans,\
- 89(2A), 500-519, 1983.")
- Psat = np.exp(-0.56745359e4/T+0.63925247e1-0.96778430e-2*T +
- 0.62215701e-6*np.power(T, 2) +
- 0.20747825e-8*np.power(T, 3) -
- 0.9484024e-12*np.power(T, 4) +
- 0.41635019e1*np.log(T))/100
- if (meth == 'Wexler'):
- logging.info("Wexler, A., Vapor pressure formulation for ice, \
- Journal of Research of the National Bureau of \
- Standards-A. 81A, 5-20, 1977.")
- Psat = np.exp(-0.58653696e4*np.power(T, -1)+0.22241033e2 +
- 0.13749042e-1*T-0.34031775e-4*np.power(T, 2) +
- 0.26967687e-7*np.power(T, 3) +
- 0.6918651*np.log(T))/100
- if (meth == 'Hardy'):
- logging.info("Source Hardy, B., 1998, ITS-90 Formulations for \
- Vapor Pressure, Frostpoint Temperature, Dewpoint \
- Temperature, and Enhancement Factors in the Range \
- -100 to +100°C, The Proceedings of the Third \
- International Symposium on Humidity & Moisture, \
- London, England. These coefficients are updated to \
- ITS90 based on the work by Bob Hardy at Thunder \
- Scientific: http://www.thunderscientific.com/\
- tech_info/reflibrary/its90formulas.pdf \
- The difference to the older ITS68 coefficients used \
- by Wexler is academic.")
- Psat = np.exp(-0.58666426e4*np.power(T, -1)+0.2232870244e2 +
- 0.139387003e-1*T-0.34262402e-4*np.power(T, 2) +
- 0.27040955e-7*np.power(T, 3) +
- 0.67063522e-1*np.log(T))/100
- if (meth == 'GoffGratch' or meth == '' or meth == 'IAPWS'):
- logging.info("IAPWS does not provide a vapor pressure formulation \
- over ice use Goff Gratch instead.\
- Source : Smithsonian Meteorological Tables, \
- 5th edition, p. 350, 1984")
- ei0 = 6.1071 # mbar
- T0 = 273.16 # triple point in K
- Psat = np.power(10, -9.09718*(T0/T-1)-3.56654*np.log10(T0/T) +
- 0.876793*(1-T/T0)+np.log10(ei0))
- if (meth == 'MagnusTetens'):
- logging.info("Source: Murray, F. W., On the computation of \
- saturation vapor pressure, J. Appl. Meteorol., 6, \
- 203-204, 1967.")
- Psat = np.power(10, 9.5*temp/(265.5+temp)+0.7858)
- # Murray quotes this as the original formula and
- Psat = 6.1078*np.exp(21.8745584*(T-273.16)/(T-7.66))
- # this as the mathematical aquivalent in the form of base e.
- if (meth == 'Buck'):
- logging.info("Bucks vapor pressure formulation based on Tetens \
- formula. Source: Buck, A. L., New equations for \
- computing vapor pressure and enhancement factor, \
- J. Appl. Meteorol., 20, 1527-1532, 1981.")
- Psat = (6.1115*np.exp(22.452*temp/(272.55+temp)) *
- (1.0003+(4.18e-6*P)))
- if (meth == 'Buck2'):
- logging.info("Bucks vapor pressure formulation based on Tetens \
- formula. Source: Buck Research, Model CR-1A \
- Hygrometer Operating Manual, Sep 2001")
- Psat = (6.1115*np.exp((23.036-temp/333.7)*temp/(279.82+temp)) *
- (1+1e-4*(2.2+P*(0.0383+6.4e-6*np.power(T, 2)))))
- if (meth == 'CIMO'):
- logging.info("Source: Annex 4B, Guide to Meteorological \
- Instruments and Methods of Observation, \
- WMO Publication No 8, 7th edition, Geneva, 2008. \
- (CIMO Guide)")
- Psat = (6.112*np.exp(22.46*temp/(272.62+temp)) *
- (1.0016+3.15e-6*P-0.074/P))
- if (meth == 'WMO' or meth == 'WMO2000'):
- logging.info("There is no typo issue in the WMO formulations for \
- ice. WMO formulation, which is very similar to Goff \
- Gratch. Source : WMO technical regulations, \
- WMO-NO 49, Vol I, General Meteorological Standards \
- and Recommended Practices, Aug 2000, App. A.")
- T0 = 273.16 # triple point temperature in K
- Psat = np.power(10, -9.09685*(T0/T-1)-3.56654*np.log10(T0/T) +
- 0.87682*(1-T/T0)+0.78614)
- if (meth == 'Sonntag'):
- logging.info("Source: Sonntag, D., Advancements in the field of \
- hygrometry, Meteorol. Z., N. F., 3, 51-66, 1994.")
- Psat = np.exp(-6024.5282*np.power(T, -1)+24.721994+1.0613868e-2*T -
- 1.3198825e-5*np.power(T, 2)-0.49382577*np.log(T))
- if (meth == 'MurphyKoop'):
- logging.info("Source : Murphy and Koop, Review of the vapour \
- pressure of ice and supercooled water for \
- atmospheric applications, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc \
- (2005), 131, pp. 1539-1565.")
- Psat = np.exp(9.550426-5723.265/T+3.53068*np.log(T) -
- 0.00728332*T)/100
- s = np.where(temp > 0)
- if (s.size[0] >= 1):
- logging.info("Independent of the formula used for ice, use \
- Hyland Wexler (water) for temperatures above freezing\
- (see above). Source Hyland, R. W. and A. Wexler, \
- Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the \
- saturated Phases of H2O from 173.15K to 473.15K, \
- ASHRAE Trans, 89(2A), 500-519, 1983.")
- Psat_w = np.exp(-0.58002206e4/T+0.13914993e1-0.48640239e-1*T +
- 0.41764768e-4*np.power(T, 2) -
- 0.14452093e-7*np.power(T, 3) +
- 0.65459673e1*np.log(T))/100
- Psat[s] = Psat_w[s]
-
- return Psat
--
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